Natural Remedies for Kidney Stone & Doctor’s Advice

Post date February 4, 2020

Kidney stones are also known as renal calculi and are sturdy rock-like structures made of crystals. Usually, kidney stones are found in the kidneys but they can also occur in any part of the urinary tract such as kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. There are different types of kidney stones depending upon their formation. The key crystals that form kidney stones are Calcium, Uric, Struvite, and Cystine. A kidney stone is one of the most painful condition and immediate doctor consultation is advised. However, kidney stones can also be treated with natural ways. Let us are some natural remedies for kidney stones.

Natural remedies for kidney stones

Water: One of the best ways to avoid and treat kidney stones is by drinking plenty of liquids. You must drink at least 12 glasses of water and other liquids in a day. The excess liquid supply will cut the stones and help it pass through the body.
Apple Cider Vinegar: Apple Cider Vinegar is high in acetic acid which is able to cut kidney stones. It is also helpful in easing down the pain. A combination of Apple Cider Vinegar, water and lemon juice is very effective.
Wheatgrass juice: Wheatgrass juice offers a good supply of nutrients and is also an influencer of urine. When you urinate more, you have higher chances to pass out the kidney stones.
Pomegranate juice: Pomegranate is known to improve kidney function as it is responsible to flush out toxins from the body. A glass of pomegranate juice will help you eliminate kidney stones as well.
Basil Juice: The acetic acid content of basil is very high. It helps in breaking down the kidney stone and making it easy to pass through the urinary tract.

What do doctors advise for kidney stones?

The doctors explain that the treatment for kidney stones depends upon the type of deposits. It can vary anything from simple medications to surgery. While natural remedies must be tried, the doctors advise some more precautions including:

Reduce the amount of salt and sugar in your diet.
Reduce consumption of red meat and eat the right food.
Exercise regularly.
Maintain healthy blood pressure.
Ensure your blood sugar levels are in control.
Maintain a healthy weight and do not become overweight/obese.
Any pain killers and any type of over the counter medications.
Quit smoking.
Drink plenty of water.
Get the kidney check-up done regularly.

The doctor would assess your condition and offer you the best treatment option. In severe cases, kidney stone surgery is advised which must be performed by an expert surgeon only. If you are dealing with kidney stones, do not ignore the symptoms and consult with a reliable kidney stone surgeon or urologist right away.

Advanced Urology

Erectile Dysfunction in Men – Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Post date January 28, 2020

Erectile Dysfunction is a medical condition in which the male fails to maintain an erection firm enough to do sexual intercourse successfully. Erectile Dysfunction, also known as ED is a common problem and can happen due to several factors. While occasional ED is often encountered by men of all ages and is not of great concern, frequent ED must be reported to an expert and treatment should be sought. There can be underlying health problems that can cause erectile dysfunction. A person dealing with ED has to undergo a lot of emotional and mental trauma and hence medically should be sought as soon as possible.

Common causes of erectile dysfunction

Erection is a complete process and any problem with one of its states can cause erectile dysfunction. The penis erects when the blood flow increases in its vein. The reasons behind the increased blood flow can be physical touch, sensual touts, or participation in any other sensual activity.

A sexually aroused man’s penis muscles start relaxing which gives way to the blood to enter the artilleries which further fill the two chambers of the penis. These two chambers, when fully filled, cause the complete erection. Upon ejaculation, the muscles start contracting again and the blood starts flowing backward leaving the penis in a normal state.

A number of reasons can hamper this process, including:

cardiovascular disease
diabetes
hypertension
high cholesterol level
obesity
low testosterone levels
hormone imbalances
kidney disease
aging
stress
anxiety
depression
relationship problems
prescription medications
sleep disorders
drugs
alcohol
tobacco products
health conditions like Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis (MS)
injury to the pelvic area
Previous surgery
Peyronie’s disease

One or a combination of many above stated reasons can be the cause of erectile dysfunction in a man.

Diagnosis of erectile dysfunction

Diagnosing ED involves a lot of steps and methods depending upon your sexual history and health condition. Some of the common methods used are:

Physical examination

The doctor would perform a physical examination to identify the problem. The doctor would check the heartbeat, lungs movement, as well as check your testicles and penis. A thorough prostate test would also be performed to check the internal functions.

Psychosocial history

The doctor would also ask you several personal questions revolving around your sexual history. The doctor would ask your frequency of sexual intercourse as well as how long have you been experiencing such a problem.

Misc. tests

In addition to the above, the doctor would also recommend you to undergo a few tests including ultrasound, Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) test, Injection test, Urine tests, and Blood tests.

Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction

At RG Stone Urology and Laparoscopy Hospital, we offer you a range of treatment options for Erectile Dysfunction. Depending upon the cause behind ED, the experts would offer you the right treatments including:

Medication

The doctor would suggest medicines to control the symptoms of ED. Some of the common medicines prescribed by the experts include:

avanafil (Stendra)
sildenafil (Viagra)
tadalafil (Cialis)
vardenafil (Levitra, Staxyn)

Talk Therapy

Many times, the reasons behind the ED can be psychological and can be treated effectively by talking to a specialist. These reasons include stress, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression.

Vacuum pumps

At RG hospital, we offer you complete assistance and a reliable solution for your ED problem. You can confide in our expert doctors and let them diagnose the reasons for ED and offer you the best treatment.

Minimal Invasive Surgery Urinary Problems

Stages of uterine prolapse

Post date January 23, 2020

What is uterine prolapsed?

This is a condition that occurs in women; it occurs when the connective or muscles like ligament are weakened or damaged, allowing the uterus to fall into the vagina. A lot of women experience this as a result of childbirth, severe coughing, obesity, hormones changes after menopause, etc.

The womb is the female reproductive system. This reproductive system is located inside the pelvis, the muscles that support the bladder, bowel, and the uterus is called the pelvic floor, these muscles also keep the pelvic organ and the uterus in place. If these connective tissues or muscles are weakened or damaged, it gives room for the uterus to fall into the vagina; this condition is known as prolapse. When these structures, the bladder, urethra, bowel, rectum, uterus, and even the vagina falls out of position, without urgent treatment or surgery can lead to them prolapsing further into the vagina and as well as into the vagina opening.

Symptoms

The symptoms that come with this condition depends on the type of uterine prolapsed. But the most common symptom that is applied to every woman is the sensation that the structures or the tissues are out of place. A lot of women describe this sensation as something descending downward; the more severe the prolapse, the more symptoms are experienced. Specific symptoms to vaginal prolapsed include the following:

Constipation: This is one of the most common symptoms of the rectocele
Enlarged vagina: This is the finding physically seen mostly by women.
Bowel emptying difficulty: This symptom is also known as splinting. A woman will find it very difficult to empty her bowel.
Bladder emptying difficulty: This is one symptom of prolapse, where the woman finds it difficult to empty her bladder.
Pains: A lot of pains are felt during long-standing periods. If you experience severe pains during this period, you need to visit a medical professional to examine you.
Stress in urination: This is one common symptom of prolapse, there are severe stress and difficulty during urinating.

Stages of uterine prolapsed

There are 4 stages of uterine prolapse; these are as follows:

1^st-degree prolapse: At this stage, the uterus falls in the lower part of the
2^nd-degree prolapse: At the second stage, the uterus drops to the vagina opening
3rd-degree prolapse: At this stage, it is called the complete prolapse, where the cervix is positioned at the uterus bottom sags into the opening of the vagina.
4th-degree prolapse: At this stage, the entire uterus projects outside the vagina.

Diagnosis and treatment

When you experience the common symptoms that are listed above, you don’t have to panic, you have to visit a professional healthcare center so that you can be properly diagnosed and treated because there are reliable treatment methods that are used in treating this conditions and many women have been healed from it. Some of the treatment for uterus prolapse is listed below:

Vagina surgery
Pelvic floor exercise
Vaginal pessary.

The condition of uterine prolapse in women is nothing to fear about as the result of childbirth, obesity and some other factors have made a lot of ladies to have this condition, there are many ways that have been discovered to be able to solve this condition.

Advanced Urology Infertility Minimal Invasive Surgery

Symptoms of infertility in men and women

Post date January 20, 2020

What is infertility?

This is a condition whereby someone is not being able to get pregnant, despite the fact that you try to get pregnant by having unprotected sex for about a year or above. In the United States alone, there is about 10 to 15 percent of infertile couples. The case of infertility may arise from your partner, yourself, or both parties involved. There is absolutely nothing to worry about as there are proven therapies that can improve your chances of getting pregnant, all you have to do is to get a reliable and professional healthcare provider and get your problem solved.

Symptoms

The only symptom of infertility is not able to get pregnant. Some obvious symptoms may not occur. Most times, in women, they will experience menstrual pains and irregular monthly periods. A man with infertility condition will experience hormonal problems like sexual function, change in the growth of hair.

When is the right time to see a doctor?

In most cases, you don’t have to see a doctor for not being able to give birth, until you have tried to for at least a year and see no positive result. Women should see a doctor when they are:

At the age of 35 and have tried to get pregnant for at least 6 months or more.
At the age of 40 and above.
Have a painful periods
Irregular/ absent periods
Have infertility problem
Have done cancer treatment before
If you had some miscarriages before
Diagnosed with pelvic inflammation.

Causes of infertility in men

Some major causes of infertility in men today are:

Low sperm production: For a woman to be able to get pregnant, the man must be able to produce quality sperm, the inability of the man to do so will result in infertility. Health problems can affect the quality of sperm that is needed to get a woman pregnant, such as gonorrhea, diabetes, varicocele, etc.
A problem in sperm delivery: This can cause infertility when there is a problem delivering the sperm, like early ejaculation, a blockage in the testicles, reproductive organ injury.
Certain environmental problems: The kind of environment that men expose themselves to can affect fertility, such as frequent heat exposure can affect sperm production, smoking, marijuana, drinking of alcohol, etc.
The danger caused by cancer: Some damages that are incurred in the treatment of cancer such as chemotherapy and radiation can lead to low sperm production.

Causes of infertility in women

Some things that can affect fertility in women are as follows:

Disorder in ovulation: This can affect the release of an egg from the ovary.
Blockage of the fallopian tube: This is caused by a medical condition known as salpingitis, which is the inflammation of the fallopian tube.
Uterine abnormality: This arises from abnormalities with the shape of the uterus, cervix, or polyps.
Cancer and treatment: The treatment from cancer can affect fertility in women.
Ovarian insufficiency: This is when a woman experiences early menopause before getting to the age of 40.

Diagnosis and treatment
When you are facing this condition just to visit a doctor and make them understand your problem, they will recommend ways to improve your chance of getting pregnant. Treatment of infertility in men and women includes:

Medications
Surgery
Lifestyle changes
Retrieval of sperm
Ovulation stimulation with fertility drugs
Insemination

There are methods that are used medically to treat this condition, make sure you find a trusted and professional doctor to examine you when you have tried to get pregnant in six months and above.

Advanced Urology Prostate Diseases

Enlarged Prostate – Causes, Symptoms & Treatment Options

Post date January 6, 2020

Enlarged Prostate

An enlarged prostate is a condition that affects men where the prostate gland has increased in size. Clinically defined as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), this condition is not cancer; neither does it increase the patient’s chances of developing cancer. While the prostate increases in size as a male grows, it is imperative to note that an older man will have a bigger prostate than that of a younger man. This condition is dangerous for when it comes to urination and the fact that in treating the condition, the man is susceptible to developing problems in their sexual ability. The effects due to this condition are dependent on age, genetics, and the level of anxiety as displayed by the patient.

Causes

Multiple factors lead to the development of an enlarged prostate. First is an alteration in the balance of sex hormones. This happens as the man grows older. Thus

Aging: Chances of developing an enlarged prostate increases as the man grows older
Family history: In case your father had an enlarged prostate the there is a high probability of you also developing the condition
Diabetes and heart conditions: These conditions influence the formation of an enlarged prostate owing to the fact that they involve the beta-blockers, thereby increasing the chances of developing an enlarged prostate.
Lifestyle: Lifestyle conditions like obesity have the potential to increase the risk of an enlarged prostate. On the other hand, exercise lowers the risk.

Symptoms

There are certain symptoms associated with an enlarged prostate including:

A frequent need to urinate
The feeling that your bladder is not completely emptied after urination
A weak urine stream
Problems starting or stopping urination
Presence of blood in the urine
Erectile dysfunction
Reduced libido
Problems maintaining an erection

Treatment Options

Multiple approaches are used in treating an enlarged prostate. Men must have their prostates screened regularly particularly the ones over 40, 45, and 50 years because these ages are the prime time for an enlarged prostate. In treating, multiple options are applicable in efforts to reduce the acuteness of this condition.

Surgical options

This is in the event that medication fails to eliminate the symptoms. These surgical approaches include:

The transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP): This involves the cutting out of the prostate tissue.
There is also the transurethral incision (TUIP) of the prostate: Here, grooves are made or created on the prostate
The third is the transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT): this involves the use of microwaves in destroying the excess prostate tissue.
The prostatic urethral lift: this involves the movement of the prostate tissue away from the urethra.

Research has revealed that changes in the victim’s lifestyle can influence and get rid of the symptoms that are associated with an enlarged prostate. These include the reduction of the consumption of alcohol, sweeteners, and soda.

Minimal Invasive Surgery Urinary Problems

Ovarian Cysts – Types, Causes & Treatment Options

Post date December 26, 2019

An ovarian cyst is a health condition whereby the ovaries contain a fluid-like jelly. While multiple types of ovarian cysts exist, it is imperative to note that each type has a distinct cause. Some people do not realize that they have ovarian cysts, as they may not experience any symptoms. On the other hand, there exist people who may experience some slight symptoms like stomach bloating, pain in the lower back as well as the abdomen. Ovarian cysts are not usually harmful but it may be fatal and painful if the cyst opens up.

Types of ovarian cysts

Functional cysts: Exists as either follicular or corpus luteum cyst and grows as follicles on the ovaries. The ability of these follicles to release estrogen and progesterone hormones influences ovulation.
Dermoid cysts: This type of cyst develops from the embryonic cells and are hardly cancerous. They may contain tissue like skin or hair.
Cystadenomas: Cystadenomas develops on the surface of an ovary and has the potential of filling up with water or mucous-like fluid.
Endometriomas: Develop following the growth of uterine endometrial cells outside the uterus and causes some tissue to attach to the ovary, forming a growth.

Causes of ovarian cysts

There are multiple types of ovarian cysts, including the very common functional cysts that develop following the menstrual cycle. The name is owed to the fact that it normally forms on a monthly basis and exists as a follicular cyst or a corpus luteum cyst.

Hormonal problems: If a woman exhibits hormonal problems, then they are likely to develop ovarian cysts. These hormonal challenges include the consumption of Clomiphene, which is commonly referred to as the Clomid (a fertility drug) as a means to induce ovulation.
An acute infection in the pelvic: In the event that a woman has a serious pelvic infection, then it spreads to the ovaries, this person will most definitely develop ovarian cysts.
Endometriosis: This is a condition that results in the growth of the uterine endometrial cells outside the uterus. Potentially, some tissue will attach to the ovary, forming a growth.
Pregnancy: Upon ovulation and the formation of a cyst, this cyst is preserved by the conditions that come with being pregnant.

Treatment options

The intervention for treating ovarian cysts is dependent on the age of the patient, the type of cyst, its size, and the symptoms manifested.

Surgery: This approach is only applicable for a large cyst that is growing and progresses across the second and third menstrual cycles. This approach is also applicable if the cyst is causing pain.
Hormonal contraceptives: These include birth control pills meant to prevent the cysts from redeveloping. It is important to note that contraceptives do not reduce an existing cyst.
Watchful waiting: This approach is opted for as a means to establish whether the cyst disappears after some time. It applies to simple cysts that are small and fluid-filled.

Conclusion

The potential for cysts to recur if the individual has had a previous incident is significant.

Advanced Urology Urinary Problems

Urethral Stricture in Men & Women – Diagnosis & Treatment

Post date December 17, 2019

The human body has a thin tube named Urethra that carries the urine out of the body from the bladder. In certain cases, this tube gets blocked due to the narrowing of the scar tissues. This obstructs the flow of the urine causing various other complications. The medical condition where scar tissue growth narrows the urethra is known as Urethral Stricture. Some of the common problems associated with Urethral Stricture include the backflow of the urine to the bladder as well as obstruction in urinating. Both conditions are complex and may lead to kidney failure.

What are the common causes of urethral stricture?

The manipulation of the urethra is one of the common reasons for the urethral stricture problem. The complication of the urethra can be a result of prostate brachytherapy, prostatectomy, damage caused by a urethral catheter, or a corrective measure taken for hypospadias.

However, there are certain inflammatory conditions as well that can cause urethral strictures. Such conditions include untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or a medical condition named balanitis xerotica obliterans.

Common symptoms of urethral stricture

Some of the common symptoms of the condition include:

Reoccurring Urinary tract infections
Increase in urine frequency
Bladder control loss
Painful urination
Swelling in the genitals
Long urinating duration
Urgency to urinate
Feeling full bladder after urinating

Urethral stricture in men and women

Usually, the urethral stricture is a problem experienced by males than females. However, both males and females can have a urethral stricture. Posterior urethral stricture and anterior urethral stricture are two types of urethral stricture found in men. In females, the chances of urethral stricture are limited to 2.7-8 percent only.

How is urethral stricture diagnosed?

When you approach your medical care provider, they will analyse your medical history and read the symptoms to get an idea of the condition. A physical exam will be conducted, which will help the doctors to suggest further diagnostic tests. Some diagnosis tools and tests used for identifying urethral stricture include:

Urethroscopy
Retrograde urethrogram
Imaging studies such as MRI scans, CT scans, and ultrasounds

Treatment for urethral stricture

Again a range of characteristics defines what would be the best treatment for urethral stricture. He doctor would check the cause of the condition, its symptoms, occurrence, and many other aspects. Some of the commonly recommended treatments for urethral stricture include dilation, urethrectomy, and open surgical removal.

Dilation: In this procedure, the doctor inserts a special device in the urethra, which works against the narrowing and gradually increases the stricture. It is a minimally invasive method and usually the initial phase of the treatment.
Urethrectomy: A special urethroscope is used for guidance, and the stricture is cut off manually using a laser beam.
Open surgical removal: Expert doctors surgically remove the stricture. It is an invasive method but shows a great success rate.

Advanced Urology Urinary Problems

Female Urinary Incontinence – Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Post date December 16, 2019

Female urinary incontinence is a medical condition in which females experience involuntary loss of urine. The condition ranges from mild to severe, wherein women either lose a few drops of urine while coughing or sneezing or may have a strong sudden urge to urinate, which is often uncontrollable. In certain women, both types of incontinence are observed. Incontinence causes great public discomfort as the notion of urinating in public is often embarrassing. Moreover, it can also happen while you are having sexual intercourse, which makes the condition even worse.

What are the different types of Female Urinary Incontinence?

Female Urinary Incontinence is primarily of 7 types and affects women of different ages and physical conditions. This includes:

Stress incontinence: Stress caused because of any physical activity such as coughing, sneezing, or exercising causes incontinence.
Urge incontinence: This is a condition when an urge to urinate is uncontrollable. Such women lose a large amount of urine, including during sleep.
Overactive bladder incontinence: Frequent urge topee or urge to urinate.
Functional incontinence: Several reasons such as physical disability, internal obstacle, and more contribute towards untimely urination.
Overflow incontinence: Full bladder results in leakage of small amounts of urine.
Mixed incontinence: A combination of stress and urge incontinence
Transient incontinence: A temporary problem with urination that passes out with time.

What are the common symptoms of female urinary incontinence?

The symptoms of different types of incontinence are different; however, in each case, one or other cause makes you lose urine involuntarily. The symptoms may range from the loss of a small amount of urine to large quantities.

What are the causes of female urinary incontinence?

Female Urinary Incontinence cannot be treated as a disease. It is but a condition that may be permanent or temporary. It is mostly a side-effect of any underlying physical or medical problem.

Causes of temporary incontinence

There are certain food and beverages that act as diuretics. These include:

Alcohol
Caffeine
Carbonated drinks
Sparkling water
Artificial sweeteners
Chocolate
Chili peppers
Spicy, Sugary or acidy food
Heart and blood pressure medications, sedatives, and muscle relaxants
Large doses of vitamin C

Besides this, Urinary Tract Infection, as well as constipation, can also result in Female Urinary Incontinence.

Persistent urinary incontinence

These are often an outcome of an underlying medical or physical conditions. Such conditions comprise of Pregnancy, Childbirth, Changes with age, menopause, hysterectomy, obstruction, or neurological disorders.

How is female urinary incontinence diagnosed?

The doctors determine the type of incontinence with your symptoms. They will also examine your medical history as well as recommend some physical tests. The common diagnostic tests used are:

Urinalysis: A urine test is performed to check for any infection, traces of blood, and other abnormalities.
Bladder Diary: A log is maintained about the amount of water you drink, the amount of urine you pass, when you urinate, urge that you feel, and the incontinence episode that occurs in between.
Post-void Residual Treatment: This is a detailed test in which the patient is asked to urinate in a container. The amount of leftover urine in the bladder is checked by the doctor using a catheter or an ultrasound test.

What is the treatment of female urinary incontinence?

The doctors will advise you on the best decision as per your condition and symptoms. Commonly recommended treatment options for female urinary incontinence include:

Behavioral techniques
Medication
Medical devices
Interventional therapies
Surgery

Expert doctors suggest surgery as a reliable treatment for incontinence that is persistent and severe in nature. We are the best hospital to approach for female urinary incontinence. Our expert doctors have performed several successful surgeries. If you are dealing with an incontinence problem, connect with us.

Hernia Repair Minimal Invasive Surgery

Hernia Repair – Types and Treatments

Post date December 16, 2019

The hernia is when fatty tissue or an organ squeezes through a weak spot or hole in the adjoining muscle or tissue. When there is more pressure on an existing weak muscle or tissue, like obesity, heavy lifting, persistent coughing, constipation, etc., it pushes an organ or a tissue into the weak spot resulting in a hernia.

Hernia types

Based on the place of occurrence, the hernia is classified into the fullowing types

In the inner groin region referred to as inguinal
In the outer groin or upper thigh region called femoral
Incisional when it happens through an incision or a scar in the abdomen
Along the ventral wall or general abdominal region referred to as ventral
At the belly button called umbilical
Hiatal, when it happens along the diaphragm/ upper stomach region, inside the abdomen.

There are also three classifications of Hernia made based on the nature of hernia namely,

Reducible hernia where it can be pushed back into the original position.
Irreducible hernia where the organ cannot be pushed back.
Strangulated where the organ is completely stuck inside the hernia with no supply of blood.

Hernia repair types

The procedure in which the displaced tissues are placed again in their rightful position is called Hernia repair. It is a very common procedure done to deal with the hernia and is quite safe.

There are two types of Hernia repair surgeries performed,

Herniorrhaphy: The oldest method of surgery performed to remove a hernia; this method involves a long incision made on the spot of hernia directly after which a cut is made to access it. This is also referred to as tissue repair surgery for a hernia. The tissues and the organs are replaced in their original position, followed by the removal of the hernia sac. The opening in the muscle or tissue which caused the hernia to protrude is then stitched close to prevent further recurrence. The wound is then sterilized before stitching it closed.
Hernioplasty: This is referred to as the mesh repair, where the muscle opening causing the hernia is not shut but is rather covered with a sterile mesh. The mesh is either made of animal tissue or polypropylene or similar flexible plastics. Small cuts are made around the tissue with the hole, and the mesh is stitched onto the healthy tissues around the weak spot. This helps the weak tissues to grow with the mesh as a foundation to hold onto. This is also a repair that is classified as tension-free repair.

Both the above surgeries can be done laparoscopically. There are also open repair surgeries for hernia, predominantly done for inguinal, small, and infected or strangulated hernias.

Your surgeon might, however, want to watch the hernia and ensure that it doesn’t grow or cause problems based on which he/she might recommend a surgical procedure. Since hernias have higher chances of recurring, mesh repair is often suggested to strengthen the repair.

Advanced Urology Kidney Diseases

Types of Kidney Stone Surgeries

Post date October 3, 2019

Kidney stones are deposits of minerals or uric acid in the kidney that become rock solid over the period of time. These stones can be of different sizes, and some may become very large. The stones can cause a range of problems, including pain and kidney dysfunction. While small kidney stones can easily pass out of the body, the large-sized stones are often the problematic ones. To remove these large-sized kidney stones, doctors recommend surgical procedures.

Some of the common conditions when the doctors suggest kidney stone surgery include:

The large-sized stone that cannot pass on its own.
Acute pain
The stone causes blockage of urine from the bladder
The stone causes urinary tract infections

Different types of kidney stone surgeries

There are various surgical procedures aimed at treating kidney stones. The four popular surgical treatments for kidney stones include:

Shock wave lithotripsy
Ureteroscopy
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy
Open surgery
Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL)

One of the popularly recommended kidney stone treatment is Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL). The treatment is effective when the patients have small to medium-sized stones. It is a non-invasive treatment and performed under general anesthesia. High energy shockwaves (ultrasound or X-rays) are aimed at the kidney from the outside. The shockwaves burst the stones into several small pieces and these pieces pass out with the urine. In certain cases, the doctor might place a stent into the ureter to make more passage. The treatment has a great success rate and is rated as one of the most efficient options.

Ureteroscopy

Ureteroscopy is an effective treatment for kidney and ureter stones. The stones are removed using a thin and flexible scope. The patient is under the influence of general anesthesia while the scope is passed through the ureter to the kidney. The stones are taken out one after another. In case there is a larger stone, the doctor would use the Shock Wave Lithotripsy treatment first to break the large stone into smaller pieces. It is a versatile treatment option which is successful in most of the cases. However, sometimes, it may give rise to infections or bleeding.

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy or Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy

In case the patient has large stones that are tough to break, the doctors use Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy or Percutaneous Nephrolithotripsy as a surgical procedure. In this procedure, the doctor uses a high-frequency sound wave to burst the stone into small pieces. A small scope is inserted in your body through a small incision made on the back or side of your body. This surgical procedure takes 20-45 minutes for the complete removal of stones. The stones are either removed through a tube or a shock wave is used to burst them and then the pieces are vacuumed out of the body. The treatment is primarily for large and medium-sized complex stones. It is a successful procedure as it clears the kidney stones, no matter how many in numbers, in one go.

Open Surgery:

Once a popular procedure, open surgery for kidney stones is not much recommended nowadays. However, in certain cases, doctors may recommend open surgery depending upon various factors. Most of the time open surgery is recommended in case there are large stones stuck in your ureter or the patient is in a lot of pain. However, the best kidney stone hospitals are now well-equipped to perform such operation with minimally invasive methods. The use of open surgery has become limited and is recommended only if the patient has bleeding, infection, or the flow of urine is obstructed completely. The patient is given anesthesia to stay unconscious while the doctors perform the procedure. The doctor uses specialized equipment to perform the surgery.